Vortices in optical beams have been the subject of extensive study since their status as a generic feature of light was established. They have found extensive use in opti[...]

Binary-phase diffraction gratings are optical components that distribute an incident light beam to diffraction-order directions, due to the periodic modulation of the ref[...]

Photogrammetry is a measurement technique where 3D coordinate data and feature information can be extracted from 2D photographs or images. Length scale objects are calibr[...]

Optical microscopy is one of the oldest and most important imaging techniques; however, its far-field resolution is diffraction-limited. In this dissertation, we proposed[...]