Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a highly conserved family of proteins critical to both environmental stress response and cellular function under normal conditions. More sp[...]

Echinometra is the most widespread genus of sea urchin and has been the focus of a wide range of studies in ecology, speciation, and reproduction. However, available gene[...]

The complete mitogenome of Echinometra sp. EZ has been described and fully annotated in this study. Phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from six[...]

Morphological plasticity is a genotype-by-environment interaction that enables organisms to increase fitness across varying environments. Symbioses with diverse microbiot[...]

In bilaterian animals, the circadian clock is intimately involved in regulating energetic metabolism. Although cnidarians exhibit diel behavioral rhythms including cycles[...]

Background Animals have specific molecular, physiological, and behavioral responses to light that are influenced by wavelength and intensity. Predictable environmental ch[...]

Background: An essential developmental pathway in sexually reproducing animals is the specification of germ cells and the differentiation of mature gametes, sperm and ooc[...]

Background: The primary hormone of the vertebrate pineal gland, melatonin, has been identified broadly throughout the eukaryotes. While the role for melatonin in cyclic b[...]

Microbes can play an important role in the physiology of animals by providing essential nutrients, inducing immune pathways, and influencing the specific species that com[...]

The microbial assemblages of marine organisms play fundamental biological roles in their eukaryotic hosts. Studies aimed at characterizing this diversity have increased o[...]