Animals respond to diurnal shifts in their environment with a combination of behavioral, physiological, and molecular changes to synchronize with regularly-timed external[...]

Background Animals have specific molecular, physiological, and behavioral responses to light that are influenced by wavelength and intensity. Predictable environmental ch[...]

Microbes can play an important role in the physiology of animals by providing essential nutrients, inducing immune pathways, and influencing the specific species that com[...]

Extreme environmental gradients represent excellent study systems to better understand the variables that mediate patterns of genomic variation between populations. They [...]

Background In cnidarians, antagonistic interactions with predators and prey are mediated by their venom, whose synthesis may be metabolically expensive. The potentially h[...]