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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term and short-term suspension and expulsion rates for Black males, White males, Black females and White female students in grades K-12 in relation to the presence of school resource officers (SROs) in three large school districts located in the southeastern United States. Fourteen years of suspension and expulsion data, from 2004 to 2017, were analyzed to examine trends in the rates. The data were analyzed to determine any differences in the pattern of suspensions and expulsions before and after the full implementation of the SRO in 2006.Results indicated that both short-term and long-term suspension rates in the three large school districts decreased starting in 2004; however, there was no indication of a significant increase or decrease, before and after, SROs were placed in the school systems. While all student groups’ suspension rates decreased, Black males had the highest short- and long-term suspension rates across all years when compared to all other groups. Black males were expelled from school across all the years, but there was variability across the three districts studied, with one reporting almost no expulsion data for students.Implications of this study suggested that school leaders need to understand the cause of the disproportionate suspension and expulsion rate for Black males. Future studies should focus on administrator attitudes and perspectives as well as intervention strategies that decrease the suspension and expulsion rates for all students.

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