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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop the Comparative Appraisal of perceived Resources and Demands for Clergy (CARD-C), which is used for appraising perceived stress for clergy persons. An appraisal-based definition of stress was derived from the literature and used as the theoretical framework for creating the instrument. The instrument was developed to capture the cognitive-transactional nature of stress as the differential between the clergy person's subjective appraisal of demands and resources within the ministry setting. The instrument was adapted from the Classroom Appraisal of Resources and Demands - School-aged Version developed by Lambert, McCarthy, & Abbott-Shim (2001) and the Comparative Appraisal of Perceived Resources and Demands for Principals developed by Drew Rory Maerz (2011). The development of the CARD-C was conducted in three phases. The first stage utilized a questionnaire given to a purposeful sample of six clergy persons representing three religious denominations and diversity of gender, age, and years of experience. The purpose of this phase was to identify characteristics (personal, ministry setting, and faith group/denomination), demands, and resources perceived as most related to occupational stress for clergy. The second phase aligned the characteristics, demands, and resources with relevant literature to generate items and subscales for inclusion in a prototype CARD-C. In the final phase, nine clergy were interviewed using individual cognitive interviews and a focus group to gather data on the clarity, readability, and content of the prototype instrument. The CARD-C (Appendix H) is an 89-item instrument for measuring perceived stress for clergy. The CARD-C contains two section for gathering demographic and personal information and two sub-scales. The first subscale is a 36 item perceived demands subscale and a 32-item perceived resources subscale. Through these sub-scales, the CARD-C measures clergy occupational stress as the difference between the appraisal of perceived demands and the appraisal of perceived resources subscales. While the data from this study supports the potential of the instrument for use to measure occupational stress for clergy, future research is needed to assess the reliability and validity of the instrument.

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