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Abstract

Lithium-ion (li-ion) batteries are still a very new form of energy storage; only finding wide-spread commercial use since the 1970’s. Ever since, li-ion batteries continue to make their way into more aspects of everyday life. Their high energy density compared to other forms of batteries have made them an attractive energy source for everything from hearing aids, to emergency backup power sources for entire cities. Although the knowledge of the risk of thermal runaway in these batteries hasn’t been a secret, it has only been since the dawn of the new millennium that the scale of LIB usage has presented risks to the general public. The risk of LIB thermal runaway-fueled fires has resulted in tremendous amounts of ongoing research that include: 1) Figuring out the cause of battery thermal runaway and 2) how to detect and prevent LIB thermal runaway and fires. A key take way from several observations of real-life battery fires from firefighting professionals is that little can be done once a LIB-fueled fire starts. To that end, more emphasis must be placed on researching methods of containing, or preventing thermal runaway in LIBs, which is the root cause of these fires, regardless of external factors. An experiment was developed to determine if thermal runaway of a LIB can be stopped while the battery is being subjected to an external heat source. A water spray method was devised to reduce the battery temperature during the tests. The batteries used in current study are pouch-type batteries. The test results indicated that, without water spray cooling, the heat source would cause a thermal runaway-induced fire every time. Additionally, the batteries used in the experiment were placed at an extremely high state of charge (SOC), which exacerbates thermal runaway reactions. The experiment clearly showed that it is possible to prevent thermal runaway with an external cooling source.

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