Nucleic acids are highly integrated into molecular biology and exhibit very interesting character. They have immense engineering potential to improve human health and influence molecular systems. Consequently, these biopolymers are the quintessential material for facilitating natural and therapeutic functions in basic research, biomedicine, and biological sciences. Life demonstrates many phenomena of nucleic acids and leaves researchers with tools, challenges, and inspiration. The field of nucleic acid nanotechnology is a massive research endeavor to understand and take advantage of DNA and RNA. Progression of the field is evident with an increasing amount of therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs) approved for clinical use. Several TNAs such as rationally designed mRNA vaccines, proved to be highly efficient to address the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) are an innovative class of structures with novel functional promise. Herein, a review of the field of nucleic acid nanotechnology is given to summarize the potential of the field. The experimental approach aims to contribute versatility and functionality options for NANP based platforms. A novel assembly method of NANPs via selective nuclease degradation of RNA/DNA hybrids is introduced. DNA templated silver nanoclusters, as a new class of therapeutics, are characterized to optimize their antibacterial function. These studies advance the development of functional nucleic acids for the treatment of diseases and the improvement of human health.