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Abstract

In this instrument development study, I sought to develop and validate the School Counseling Office Environment Evaluation (SCOFFEE), a measure of the therapeutic nature of a school counseling space. Using the theory of Supportive Design, I conducted a literature review to establish the first set of items for the SCOFFEE, which was then reviewed by experts in the field of school counseling and school counseling instrument development (N =5). I then conducted a pilot study with practicing school counselors (N =166) and refined the instrument. I conducted a primary data collection (N =264) with practicing school counselors and analyzed results by conducting a confirmatory factor analysis and by using Item Response Theory to examine each item. Results indicated that the SCOFFEE can be best understood as two distinct tools: the SCOFFEE Belief Questionnaire, which may be used to evaluate the elements present in a school counseling office, and the SCOFFEE Inventory, which may be used to evaluate school counselor beliefs about the elements of their school counseling spaces. These SCOFFEE instruments can be used together or separately to help researchers to measure the discrepancy between school counselor beliefs about space and where school counselors work. Individually, the SCOFFEE Beliefs Questionnaire can be used to compare school counselor beliefs with other instruments to examine relationships between these beliefs and other school counselor traits. In addition, the SCOFFEE Inventory provides researchers with an opportunity to control variables when conducting research in school counseling settings, to provide an effective description of school counseling spaces, and to also examine relationships between school counselor or student traits while comparing those results to what is and is not present in the school counseling space.

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