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Abstract
Silver Springs State Park is Florida’s largest limestone artisan formation, as well as one of the most popular tourist attractions in the state. The park’s popularity began in the late 1870s when the beloved glass-bottom boats were invented (Wolfe & Peters, 1987; Montague et al., 1994). Its notoriety additionally took off with the introduction of the free-ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) during the 1930’s. Despite continual attempts to manage the population, the rhesus macaque numbers have only increased since their arrival. This has led to growing concern over potential conflicts between the monkeys and the other organisms on the river (plants, animals, and humans). To better understand what risks are present, I collected observational data on patterns of aggression in free-ranging rhesus macaques in response to river tourism at Silver Springs State Park, Florida. The goal of this project is to add to biological anthropology and the developing field of ethnoprimatology by using qualitative methods to understand 1) how park policies concerning the anti-provisioning rules and primates are communicated, 2) patterns of aggression between the introduced rhesus macaques on the SSSP river line, and 3) how interactions with passing tourists influence the agonistic behavior of the monkeys within the group. For the collection period, I used all-occurrence focal animal sampling in five-minute observation periods. I collected a total of 865 minutes from June 12-August 25, 2021. I used a Kruskal Wallace test to analyze and compare the proportion of agonistic behaviors in the presence and absence of tourists. I also compared adult males, adult females, and juveniles to each other to determine which age and sex class are more likely to engage humans. I tested two hypotheses related to macaque behavior: 1) adult males would engage in more agonistic behaviors compared to the adult females and juveniles; 2) the presence of tourists would influence macaque behavior. I found that agonistic behaviors did not differ significantly between age/sex categories (adult male, adult female, juveniles) but did approach significance [H (2) = 5.146, p = 0.076] with rates of aggressive behaviors higher among juveniles. Descriptive statistics (mean ± SE) revealed that on average 7.69% ± 2.53% SE of the recorded behaviors involved some form of agonism. Specifically, among adult males, 3.74% ± 1.08% SE; adult females, 4.56% ± 2.05% SE; and juveniles (both male and female), 21.94% ± 10.98% SE of recorded behaviors were agonistic in nature.