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Abstract
The problem of heavy alcohol consumption is now a woman’s issue but there is limited data on the prevalence of and factors associated with heavy alcohol consumption among women living in the United States. Three manuscripts were developed to study differences among women based on demographic factors, race and ethnicity, and trends in alcohol consumption over the past 25 years. First, the association between demographics and heavy alcohol consumption was explored among women living in the United States. Secondly, alcohol consumption behavior among women age 50 and older using national guidelines was examined to uncover alcohol consumption patterns of older women. Thirdly, changes in alcohol consumption trends among African American and White women from 1990 to 2015 were examined. Data for this study comes from the 1990 through 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) public use files. Univariate analysis consisted of weighted percentages and frequencies of alcohol consumption and sociodemographic characteristics. Bivariate analysis included chi square and logistic regressions. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the relationship between predictors and alcohol consumption patterns. Lastly, Cochran-Armitage tests were conducted to determine the significance of trends in alcohol consumption over time. While the largest significant differences in alcohol consumption were by age, marital status and education, the most interesting findings were related to women from minority groups. This study found high prevalence rates of problematic alcohol consumption among women in minority groups. Additionally, there has been significant increase in alcohol consumption in binge drinking among African American women over the past 25 years and the racial disparity in problematic alcohol consumption between African American and White women has narrowed between 1995 and 2015. This study contributes to the limited literature on alcohol consumption among women, especially older women and African American women. The results of this study can provide the field of public health a better understanding of patterns and predictors of heavy alcohol consumption among women living in the United States.