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Abstract
Hypertensive disorders are the most commonly reported medical disorder among pregnant women, and an important cause of adverse birth outcomes as well as maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. One important step to reduce these adverse effects is to initiate breastfeeding early and continue exclusive breastfeeding for at least 6 months postpartum. Breastfeeding has immediate benefits and lowers blood pressure in mothers before, during, and after breastfeeding sessions. This study assessed the association between hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and breastfeeding initiation and duration. This study was a secondary data analysis of 3,826 women aged between 18-45 years who participated in the 2007-2009 North Carolina Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System. Information on hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was obtained from birth certificate records, and breastfeeding initiation and duration were self-reported. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) while controlling for confounders. Nearly 76% of women initiated breastfeeding and among those who initiated, 68% continued breastfeeding for ≥ 8 weeks. Women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy had slightly increased odds of breastfeeding initiation (OR=1.15; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.62), however, this result was not statistically significant. After adjusting for race, pre-pregnancy BMI, and smoking, the magnitude of this association increased (OR=1.22; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.77), and remained statistically insignificant. Women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy had statistically significant decreased odds of breastfeeding for ≥8 weeks (OR=0.68; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.94). After adjusting for pre-pregnancy BMI, the association was no longer statistically significant (OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.54, 1.05). Although women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are initiating breastfeeding successfully, they are unable to continue breastfeeding for a longer duration. Additional studies are required that examine breastfeeding patterns for a longer duration and explicitly categorize hypertensive disorders in pregnancy to confirm these findings.