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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a set of court-based guiding principles for the integration of school resource officers in searches and seizures in K-12 public schools. This purpose was achieved by applying Standard Legal Analysis methodology to state and federal district and appellate court cases involving school resource officers in searches and seizures in the public school setting. After examining and analyzing data extracted from case briefs of lower court rulings, the patterns and themes that emerged were used to synthesize specific, court-defined legal principles in response to the questions of this study: (1) How have courts ruled on the role of school resource officers through holdings? (2) What legal standards have courts applied in searches and seizures involving school resource officers – school or non-school Fourth Amendment standards? Did court reasonings expand on T.L.O.? (3) What have been the key factors that influenced court rulings in cases where school resource officers are involved in the searches? (4) How have courts treated evidence obtained through searches involving school resource officers as compared to school administrator-only searches and school administrator-led searches with school resource officer involvement? Based on the findings and conclusions of this study, the researcher proposed several recommendations for the integration of school resource officers in searches and seizures in K-12 public schools that meets both the letter and spirit of the law.