Cadmium (Cd) and elevated temperatures are common stressors in estuarine and coastal environments affecting intertidal mollusks such as oysters. Cd and elevated temperature can raise the metabolic demands of oysters due to the increase cost of det...
The continuing increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere leads to increase in sea-surface temperature and causes ocean acidification altering seawater carbonate chemistry. Estuarine and shallow coastal areas, which are hotspots for...
