Impervious Cover Thresholds of the North Carolina Piedmont Fish Assemblage

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Webster, P. (2020). Impervious Cover Thresholds of the North Carolina Piedmont Fish Assemblage. Unc Charlotte Electronic Theses And Dissertations.
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Abstract

Researchers have placed emphasis on quantifying and identifying ecological thresholds to study biological responses to urbanization. As watersheds become urbanized, they exhibit a systemic pattern of degradation that disrupts the natural biogeochemical and geomorphologic processes, ultimately leading to a decline in freshwater biodiversity. In North Carolina, an increase in population is leading to an aquatic biodiversity crisis which can be observed in declining freshwater fish abundance and diversity. Although studies in the Eastern Piedmont and specifically North Carolina have quantified the relationship between aquatic biotic communities and urbanization, they have fallen short of identifying individual tolerances. This study uses land cover data from the National Land Cover Database and biomonitoring datasets from the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality and Mecklenburg County Stormwater Services with the Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN) to quantify percent impervious cover (IC) thresholds and change points at the community and individual level to identify biological indicators and conservation priorities for watershed health. Non-parametric and pairwise testing was used to identify IC tolerance trends among ecological functional groups and pollution tolerance designations. Results of the land cover analysis reveal that IC increased by 1.73% throughout the North Carolina Piedmont in the 16-year period, but watersheds with < 15% IC decreased by 9.7% and watersheds between 45-60% increased 329%. TITAN revealed that Z- taxa experience the greatest change in frequency and abundance, also known as change point, at 6.10% IC and have an aggregate threshold of ~ 7% IC (5.79-12.78%); Z+ taxon have a change point of 16.59% and an aggregate threshold of 41.30% IC (16.07-57.37%). Kruskal-Wallis results demonstrated IC tolerance among pollution tolerance classifications and trophic guilds thresholds were significant but insignificant for spawning guilds. TITAN also revealed several taxa whose IC tolerances differentiated from their respected pollution tolerance. Overall, this study revealed that with the current NC state watershed development regulations, ~88% of the state’s watersheds could exceed IC thresholds of ~75% of taxa within the NCP fish assemblage.

Details
Author

Webster, Patrick

Title

Impervious Cover Thresholds of the North Carolina Piedmont Fish Assemblage

Physical Description

1 online resource (63 pages) : PDF

Date

2020

Degree Granting Institution

University of North Carolina at Charlotte

Abstract

Researchers have placed emphasis on quantifying and identifying ecological thresholds to study biological responses to urbanization. As watersheds become urbanized, they exhibit a systemic pattern of degradation that disrupts the natural biogeochemical and geomorphologic processes, ultimately leading to a decline in freshwater biodiversity. In North Carolina, an increase in population is leading to an aquatic biodiversity crisis which can be observed in declining freshwater fish abundance and diversity. Although studies in the Eastern Piedmont and specifically North Carolina have quantified the relationship between aquatic biotic communities and urbanization, they have fallen short of identifying individual tolerances. This study uses land cover data from the National Land Cover Database and biomonitoring datasets from the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality and Mecklenburg County Stormwater Services with the Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN) to quantify percent impervious cover (IC) thresholds and change points at the community and individual level to identify biological indicators and conservation priorities for watershed health. Non-parametric and pairwise testing was used to identify IC tolerance trends among ecological functional groups and pollution tolerance designations. Results of the land cover analysis reveal that IC increased by 1.73% throughout the North Carolina Piedmont in the 16-year period, but watersheds with < 15% IC decreased by 9.7% and watersheds between 45-60% increased 329%. TITAN revealed that Z- taxa experience the greatest change in frequency and abundance, also known as change point, at 6.10% IC and have an aggregate threshold of ~ 7% IC (5.79-12.78%); Z+ taxon have a change point of 16.59% and an aggregate threshold of 41.30% IC (16.07-57.37%). Kruskal-Wallis results demonstrated IC tolerance among pollution tolerance classifications and trophic guilds thresholds were significant but insignificant for spawning guilds. TITAN also revealed several taxa whose IC tolerances differentiated from their respected pollution tolerance. Overall, this study revealed that with the current NC state watershed development regulations, ~88% of the state’s watersheds could exceed IC thresholds of ~75% of taxa within the NCP fish assemblage.

Genre

masters theses

Subjects--Topics

Geodesy
Ecology
Natural resources--Management

Degree

M.S.

Keywords

Aquatic Ecology
Fish
GIS
Impervious Cover
Urban Stream Syndrome
Watershed

Subject Area

Earth Sciences

Advisor(s)

Clinton, Sandra

Committee Members

Gagne, Sara
Chen, Gang

Degree Note

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 2020.

Rights Statement

This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). For additional information, see http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/.

Rights Holder Information

Copyright is held by the author unless otherwise indicated.

Identifier

Webster_uncc_0694N_12467

Permalink

http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13093/etd:2159