Healthcare, among other domains, provides an attractive ground of work for knowledge discovery researchers. There exist several branches of health informatics and health data-mining from which we find actionable knowledge discovery is underserved. Actionable knowledge is best represented by patterns of structured actions that inform decision makers about actions to take rather than providing static information that may or may not hint to actions.The Action rules model is a good example of active structured action patterns that informs us about the actions to perform to reach a desired outcome. It is augmented by the meta-actions model that represents passive structured effects triggered by the application of an action. In this dissertation, we focus primarily on the meta-actions model that can be mapped to medical treatments and their effects in the healthcare arena. Our core contribution lies in structuring meta-actions and their effects (positive, neutral, negative, and side effects) along with mining techniques and evaluation metrics for meta-action effects. In addition to the mining techniques for treatment effects, this dissertation provides analysis and prediction of side effects, personalized action rules, alternatives for treatments with negative outcomes, evaluation for treatments success, and personalized recommendations for treatments. We used the tinnitus handicap dataset and the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Florida State Inpatient Databases (SID 2010) to validate our work. The results show the efficiency of our methods.
